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What Does Foucault’s Power Dynamics Really Mean for Transformative Coaching?

Foucault’s Power Dynamics

What Does Foucault’s Power Dynamics Really Mean for Transformative Coaching?

In all of my “What does xyz really mean in transformative coaching”, as the author I am not advocating for the use of these approaches or even their veracity. I am presenting a “what and how” description – what is the theory and how might it be useful in transformative coaching.

Transformative coaching is not just about helping clients achieve goals—it’s about uncovering the deeper forces that shape their lives. Michel Foucault’s work on power dynamics provides a useful lens for exploring these unseen influences.

Foucault, a French philosopher and social theorist, reframed power as something that exists in relationships and systems rather than being wielded solely by individuals. 

His insights into how power operates in subtle and pervasive ways invite us to question norms, challenge assumptions, and uncover hidden structures that may be shaping our clients’ lives and choices.

In this article, we’ll explore Foucault’s concept of power dynamics, its relevance to transformative coaching, and how coaches can use these ideas to empower clients to navigate their lives with greater awareness and agency.

1. What Are Foucault’s Power Dynamics?

Foucault’s understanding of power differs from traditional ideas of domination or control. Instead, he saw power as relational and systemic—something embedded in the social structures, cultural norms, and everyday practices that influence how people think, act, and see themselves.

Key aspects of Foucault’s power dynamics include:

Power as Relational: Power doesn’t belong to one person; it exists within relationships and interactions.

Power and Knowledge: Power shapes what is considered “truth” or “normal,” often creating invisible constraints on how people see themselves or their options.

Resistance: Where there is power, there is also the possibility of resistance. Understanding power opens space for change.

Disciplinary Power: Modern power operates subtly, shaping behaviour through systems, norms, and expectations rather than overt force.

Foucault’s work challenges us to explore the systems and structures that shape identity, relationships, and behaviour—and to question the ways in which these dynamics may limit personal freedom or growth.

2. Why Are Power Dynamics Important in Coaching?

In transformative coaching, understanding power dynamics helps both coach and client recognise the larger forces at play in a client’s life. 

This awareness can foster deeper self-understanding, unlock new perspectives, and empower clients to navigate their world with a greater awareness of the influences surrounding them.

Uncover Hidden Influences

Many clients are unaware of the societal, cultural, or relational dynamics that influence their beliefs and decisions. Exploring power dynamics reveals these hidden forces.

Challenge Limiting Narratives

By questioning the “truths” imposed by power structures, clients can redefine their own narratives and reclaim agency.

Support Authentic Choices

Understanding power dynamics helps clients distinguish between what they genuinely want and what they’ve been conditioned to pursue.

3. How Can Coaches Apply Foucault’s Ideas in Practice?

Foucault’s work offers powerful tools for helping clients examine their lives through the lens of power. Here are some ways to bring these insights into coaching:

Explore Norms and Expectations

Help clients identify societal or cultural norms that may be shaping their choices:

  • “What beliefs or expectations do you feel pressured to live up to?”
  • “How do you define success, and where does that definition come from?”

Challenge the Concept of “Truth”

Encourage clients to question the assumptions they see as “truths” in their lives:

  • “What stories or rules do you believe about yourself or your world?”
  • “How might those stories change if you viewed them from a different perspective?”

Identify Sources of Resistance

Foucault emphasised that resistance is always possible. Work with clients to identify areas where they can reclaim power or act authentically:

  • “Where do you feel like you’re pushing back against expectations or limitations?”
  • “What small act of defiance could help you feel more aligned with your true self?”

Focus on Relational Power

Help clients explore power dynamics in their relationships and interactions:

  • “How do power dynamics show up in your relationships, and how do they affect you?”
  • “What shifts in these dynamics might empower you to show up differently?”

Encourage Systemic Awareness

Support clients in recognising the systems that influence their experiences and decisions:

  • “How does your workplace, community, or culture shape your sense of identity or possibility?”
  • “What aspects of these systems align with your values, and what feels out of sync?”

4. Challenges Coaches May Face with This Approach

Clients Unfamiliar with Power Dynamics

Some clients may find the concept of power dynamics abstract or irrelevant. Coaches can make the discussion accessible by grounding it in concrete examples from the client’s life.

Balancing Depth with Practicality

Exploring power dynamics can open up complex conversations. Balancing this depth with actionable insights helps clients stay engaged and focused.

Navigating Sensitive Topics

Discussions of power may touch on issues of privilege, inequality, or oppression. Coaches must create a safe, respectful space for these conversations and be mindful of their own biases.

Resistance to Challenging Norms

Clients may feel uncomfortable questioning deeply ingrained beliefs or social expectations. Coaches can approach this gently, inviting curiosity without forcing change.

Conclusion: Power Awareness as a Path to Transformation

Foucault’s insights into power dynamics remind us that transformation doesn’t happen in isolation—it’s deeply shaped by the systems and structures we inhabit. 

In transformative coaching, exploring these dynamics helps clients uncover hidden influences, challenge limiting beliefs, and reclaim their power to live authentically.

By integrating Foucault’s ideas into coaching, we invite clients to see their lives in a new light—one that empowers them to resist constraints, rewrite their narratives, and embrace their unique path. As Foucault reminds us, where there is power, there is also possibility.

Author Details
Nick is the founder and CEO of Animas Centre for Coaching and the International Centre for Coaching Supervision. Nick is an existentially oriented coach and supervisor with a passion for the ideas, principles and philosophy that sits behind coaching.
Nick Bolton Avatar
Nick Bolton

Nick is the founder and CEO of Animas Centre for Coaching and the International Centre for Coaching Supervision. Nick is an existentially oriented coach and supervisor with a passion for the ideas, principles and philosophy that sits behind coaching.

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